chapter 1 Matter in our surroundings class 9th subject science part 1 best explanation by biomagnet.

chapter 1 Matter in our surroundings class 9th subject science part 1 best explanation by biomagnet.


notes :-


Class - 9th
​S​ubject - science
​C​hapter 1st part 1
​Name- Matter in our Surrounding
⚫ Everything in this universe is made up of material which scientists have named " matter "
​➡️Air we breathe
​➡️Food we eat
​➡️Stones , clouds , stars , planets etc.
​➡️A drop of water
​➡️ Particles of sand.
​​◾ Anything that occupies space and has mass is called matter...
​▪️ Early Indian philosophers classified matter in the form of five basic Elements......The "PANCH TATVA"
​1. Air
​2. Fire
​3. Sky
​4. Earth
​5. Water
​◾ Modern day scientists classify matter on the basis of physical and chemical properties....
​* Physical nature of matter :-
​▪️Matter is made up of particles.
​▪️The size of particles is too small.
​▪️Particles of matter have space between them.
​▪️Particles are continues motion.
​▪️Particles of matter attract each other . we can also say that particles are held together by force of attraction.
​⚫ States of matter :-
​There are 3 basic states of matter ....
​1.solid
​2.liquid
​3.gas
​and two other are
​4.Plasma
4.Bose Einstein condensate.
​Basis of classification:-
​.- Based upon particles arrangements.
​.- Based upon energy of particles.
​.-Based upon distance of participants.
​▪️◾ five state of matter ▪️◾
Solid
​L​iquid
​G​as
​P​lasma
Bose Einstein condensate
⚫Solid state:-
​1.Fixed shape and definite volume.
​2. Inter particles distances are small.
​3. Incompressible
​4.High density and do not diffuse.
​5.Inter particles force of attraction are strong.
​6. Constituent particles are very closely packed.
​​⚫ Liquid state:-
​1.Not fixed shape but fixed volume.
​2.Inter particles distances are larger as compare to solids.
​3.Almost incompressible.
​4.Density is lower than solids and diffuse.
​5.Inter particles force of attraction are weaker than solids.
​6. Constituent particles are less closely packed.
​⚫Gas :-
​1. Neither fixed shape nor fixed volume .
​2.Inter particle distances are largest.
​3. Highly compressible.
​4.Density is least and diffuse.
​5. Inter particles force of attraction are weakest.
​6. Constituent particles are free to move.
​⚫Plasma state:-
​1.A plasma is an ionized gas.
​2. A plasma is a very good conductor of electricity and affected by magnetic field.
​3.Plasma like gases have an indefinite shape and indefinite volume . Ex.Ionized gas.
​⚫Bose Einstein Condensate (non-evaluative):-
​1.A BEC is a state of that can arise at very low temperature.
​2.The scientists who worked with the Bose Einstein Condensate recieved a Nobel prize for their work in 1995.
​3.The BEC is all about molecules that are really close to each other even closer than atoms in a solid.


second part will be coming soon.

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